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References
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This page lists key references for the numerical methods and software
frameworks used in Cocoa.
ADCIRC and GWCE
---------------
.. [Luettich1992] Luettich, R.A., Westerink, J.J., and Scheffner, N.W. (1992).
ADCIRC: An Advanced Three-Dimensional Circulation Model for Shelves,
Coasts, and Estuaries. Technical Report DRP-92-6, U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
.. [Kolar1994] Kolar, R.L., Gray, W.G., Westerink, J.J., and Luettich, R.A.
(1994). Shallow water modeling in spherical coordinates: equation
formulation, numerical implementation, and application. Journal of
Hydraulic Research, 32(1), 3-24.
.. [Dawson2006] Dawson, C., Westerink, J.J., Feyen, J.C., and Pothina, D.
(2006). Continuous, discontinuous and coupled discontinuous-continuous
Galerkin finite element methods for the shallow water equations.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 52(1), 63-88.
Finite Element Methods
----------------------
.. [Hughes2000] Hughes, T.J.R. (2000). The Finite Element Method: Linear
Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis. Dover Publications.
.. [Zienkiewicz2013] Zienkiewicz, O.C., Taylor, R.L., and Zhu, J.Z. (2013).
The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals (7th ed.).
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Kokkos
------
.. [Edwards2014] Edwards, H.C., Trott, C.R., and Sunderland, D. (2014).
Kokkos: Enabling manycore performance portability through polymorphic
memory access patterns. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,
74(12), 3202-3216.
.. [Trott2022] Trott, C.R., Lebrun-Grandi\ |eacute|, D., Arndt, D., et al. (2022).
Kokkos 3: Programming Model Extensions for the Exascale Era.
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 33(4), 805-817.
Trilinos
--------
.. [Heroux2005] Heroux, M.A., Bartlett, R.A., Howle, V.E., et al. (2005).
An overview of the Trilinos project. ACM Transactions on Mathematical
Software, 31(3), 397-423.
.. [Bavier2012] Bavier, E., Hoemmen, M., Rajamanickam, S., and Thornquist, H.
(2012). Amesos2 and Belos: Direct and iterative solvers for large sparse
linear systems. Scientific Programming, 20(3), 241-255.
Wind Stress and Atmospheric Forcing
------------------------------------
.. [Garratt1977] Garratt, J.R. (1977). Review of drag coefficients over
oceans and continents. *Monthly Weather Review*, 105, 915-929.
Sea Ice Drag
------------
.. [Lupkes2012] Lupkes, C., Gryanik, V.M., Hartmann, J., and Andreas, E.L.
(2012). A parametrization, based on sea ice morphology, of the neutral
atmospheric drag coefficients for weather prediction and climate models.
*Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, 117, D13112.
doi:10.1029/2012JD017630.
.. [Joyce2019] Joyce, B.R., Pringle, W.J., Wirasaet, D., Westerink, J.J.,
Van der Westhuysen, A.J., Grumbine, R., and Feyen, J. (2019). High
resolution modeling of western Alaska tides and storm surge under varying
sea ice conditions. *Ocean Modelling*, 141, 101421.
doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101421.
Shallow Water Equations
-----------------------
.. [Vreugdenhil1994] Vreugdenhil, C.B. (1994). Numerical Methods for
Shallow-Water Flow. Springer.
.. [Toro2001] Toro, E.F. (2001). Shock-Capturing Methods for Free-Surface
Shallow Flows. Wiley.
Wetting and Drying
------------------
.. [Medeiros2012] Medeiros, S.C. and Hagen, S.C. (2012). Review of wetting
and drying algorithms for numerical tidal flow models. International
Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 71(4), 473-487.
.. [Carrier1958] Carrier, G.F. and Greenspan, H.P. (1958). Water waves of
finite amplitude on a sloping beach. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 4(1),
97-109.
Parametric Tropical Cyclone Vortex
----------------------------------
.. [Gao2013] Gao, J. (2013). On the Surface Wind Stress for Storm Surge
Modelling. Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. (Generalized Asymmetric Holland Model, GAHM.)
.. [Luettich2026] Luettich, R.A. (2026). GAHM2026: Updated Generalized
Asymmetric Holland Model formulation. (Reference MATLAB implementation for
the environmental-wind, boundary-layer, and consistency-scan conventions.)
.. [LinChavez2012] Lin, N., and Chavez, D. (2012). On hurricane parametric wind
and applications in storm surge modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres, 117, D09120. (Referenced as "Lin & Chavez" in the GAHM2026
formulation; supplies the constant-background environmental-wind option.)
.. [Holland1980] Holland, G.J. (1980). An Analytic Model of the Wind and
Pressure Profiles in Hurricanes. Monthly Weather Review, 108(8),
1212-1218.
.. [Holland2010] Holland, G.J., Belanger, J.I., and Fritz, A. (2010). A
Revised Model for Radial Profiles of Hurricane Winds. Monthly Weather
Review, 138(12), 4393-4401.
Tropical Cyclone Wind-Pressure Relationships
--------------------------------------------
.. [AtkinsonHolliday1977] Atkinson, G.D., and Holliday, C.R. (1977). Tropical
Cyclone Minimum Sea Level Pressure / Maximum Sustained Wind Relationship for
the Western North Pacific. Monthly Weather Review, 105(4), 421-427.
.. [Dvorak1984] Dvorak, V.F. (1984). Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis Using
Satellite Data. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 11, 47 pp.
.. [KnaffZehr2007] Knaff, J.A., and Zehr, R.M. (2007). Reexamination of Tropical
Cyclone Wind-Pressure Relationships. Weather and Forecasting, 22(1), 71-88.
.. [CourtneyKnaff2009] Courtney, J., and Knaff, J.A. (2009). Adapting the Knaff
and Zehr Wind-Pressure Relationship for Operational Use in Tropical Cyclone
Warning Centres. Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal, 58(3),
167-179.
Baroclinic Coupling
--------------------
.. [Pringle2019] Pringle, W.J., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., Joyce, B.R., Westerink,
J.J., and van der Westhuysen, A.J. (2019). Baroclinic Coupling Improves
Depth-Integrated Modeling of Coastal Sea Level Variations Around Puerto
Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Oceans, 124(3), 2196-2217. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014682
.. [Pringle2021] Pringle, W.J., Wirasaet, D., Roberts, K.J., and
Westerink, J.J. (2021). Global Storm Tide Modeling with ADCIRC v55:
Unstructured Mesh Design and Performance. Geoscientific Model
Development, 14, 1125-1145. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1125-2021
.. [Blakely2022] Blakely, C.P., Ling, G., Pringle, W.J., Contreras, M.T.,
Wirasaet, D., Westerink, J.J., et al. (2022). Dissipation and
Bathymetric Sensitivities in an Unstructured Mesh Global Tidal Model.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(5), e2021JC018178.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018178
.. [Nycander2005] Nycander, J. (2005). Generation of internal waves in the
deep ocean by tides. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, C10028.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002487
.. [Lyard2004] Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T., and Francis, O. (2004).
Modelling the global ocean tides: modern insights from FES2004. Ocean
Dynamics, 56, 394-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x
.. [ZaronEgbert2006] Zaron, E.D., and Egbert, G.D. (2006). Estimating
open-ocean barotropic tidal dissipation: The Hawaiian Ridge. Journal of
Physical Oceanography, 36(6), 1019-1035. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2878.1
.. [DeBoyerMontegut2004] de Boyer Montegut, C., Madec, G., Fischer, A.S.,
Lazar, A., and Iudicone, D. (2004). Mixed layer depth over the global
ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, C12003.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378
Software Documentation
----------------------
- `Kokkos Documentation `_
- `Trilinos Documentation `_
- `ADCIRC Documentation `_